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Exam Name
:
Wireless Analysis Professional
Exam Number :
CWAP-403 CWAP
Exam Duration :
120 minutes
Questions in Exam :
60
Passing Score :
70%
Recommended Training :
Official Wi-Fi Analysis Self Study Kit

Training Class
Exam Registration :
PEARSON VUE
Real Questions :
CWNP CWAP-403 Real Questions
VCE Practice Test :
CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Practice Test




Protocol Analysis

15%

1. Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods and locations

- Install monitor mode drivers

- Select appropriate capture device

- Select appropriate capture location

- Capture for an appropriate amount of time based on the problem scenario

- Scanning channels vs. capturing on a single channel

- Capturing in roaming scenarios

- Capture with portable protocol analyzers (laptops)

- Capture with APs, controllers, and other management solutions

- Capture with specialty devices such as handheld analyzers
2. Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions

- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets

- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets

- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes

- View frame and packet decodes and understand the information shown and apply it to the analysis process

- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels

- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures

- View and use captures statistical information for analysis

- Use expert mode for analysis

- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
3. Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools

- Save to disk

- Packet slicing

- Event triggers

- Buffer options

- Channels and channel widths

- Capture filters

- Channel scanning and dwell time
4. Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for the purposes of analysis and troubleshooting

- WLAN scanners and discovery tools

- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools

- Centralized monitoring, alerting and forensic tools
5. Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types

- Define the problem

- Determine the scale of the problem

- Identify probably causes

- Capture and analyze the data

- Observe the problem

- Choose appropriate remediation steps

- Document the problem and resolution




Spectrum Analysis

15%

1. Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers

- Install, configure and use spectrum analysis software and hardware

Configure Wi-Fi integration

Save and export capture data

- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions

- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

Real-time FFT

Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density and historic views

Utilization and duty cycle

Detected devices

WLAN integration views
2. Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues

- Determine the RF noise floor in an environment

- Determine Signal-to-Noise Ration (SNR) for a given signal

- Locate and identify sources of RF interference

- Identify RF channel utilization

- Analyze a non-Wi-Fi transmitter and its impact on WLAN communications

- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference

- Poor performing or faulty radios
3. Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures

- Identify frequency hopping devices

- Identify various 802.11 PHYs

802.11b

802.11g

802.11a

802.11n

802.11ac

Channel widths

Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

Microwave oven

Video devices

Jammers

Cordless phones
4. Centralized spectrum analysis solutions

- AP-based spectrum analysis

- Sensor-based spectrum analysis




PHY Layers and Technologies

10%

1. Understand and describe the functions and the PLCP and PMD sublayers
2. Apply the understanding of PHY technologies (including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation and data rates) to captured data

- DSSS

- HR/DSSS

- OFDM

- ERP

- HT

- VHT
3. Identify and use PHY information provided in pseudo-headers within protocol analyzers

- Pseudo-header formats

Radiotap

Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Signal strength

- Data rate and MCS index

- Length information

- Channel center frequency or received channel

- Channel properties

- Noise
4. Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers in capturing PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
5. Use appropriate capture devices based on an understanding of PHY types

- Supported PHYs

- Supported spatial streams

- Short Guard Interval (SGI)




MAC Sublayer and Functions

25%

1. Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation
2. Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis

- Management, control, and data frames

- MAC Frame Format

Frame Control Field

To DS and From DS

Address Fields

Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

- 802.11 Management Frame Formats

Information Elements

Authentication

Association and Reassociation

Beacon

Probe Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data Frame Formats

- 802.11 Control Frame Formats

Acknowledgement

RTS/CTS

Block Acknowledgement and related frames
3. Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis

- Country code

- Minimum basic rate

- Supported rates

- Beacon intervals

- WMM settings

- RSN settings

- HT and VHT operations

- Channel width

- Primary channel

- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
4. Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames




WLAN Medium Access

10%

1. Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs

- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

Carrier Sense and Energy Detect

Network Allocation Vector (NAV)

Contention Window (CW) and random backoff

Interframe Spacing

- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

EDCA Function (EDCAF)

Access Categories and Queues

AIFSN

- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

WMM parameters

WMM Power Save

WMM Admission Control
2. Analyze QoS configuration and operations

- Verify QoS parameters in capture files

- Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end




802.11 Frame Exchanges

25%

1. Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges

- BSS discovery

- 802.11 Authentication and Association

- 802.1X/EAP exchanges

- Pre-shared key authentication

- Four-way handshake

- Group key exchange

- Pre-FT (802.11r) fast secure roaming mechanisms

- Fast BSS Transition (FT) roaming exchanges and fast secure roaming

- Hotspot 2.0 protocols and operations from a client access perspective (ANQP and initial access)

- Neighbor discovery
2. Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming

- Sticky clients

- Excessive roaming

- Channel aggregation for roaming analysis
3. Analyze data frame exchanges

- Data frames and acknowledgement frames

- RTS/CTS data frame exchanges

- QoS data frame exchanges

- Block Acknowledgement exchanges
4. Analyze HT/VHT-specific transmission methods

- MIMO

- Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)

- MU-MIMO

- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
5. Analyze behavior and resolve problems related to MAC layer operations

- Power Save operations

- Protection mechanisms

- Load balancing

- Band Steering